The Role Of Nutrition On Martial Arts, Police And Military...

The Role of Nutrition in Martial Arts, Police Military Personnel By Will Brink | Submitted On May 19, 2005 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Will Brink For a considerable amount of time, nutrition has not played a prominent role in the life of many martial artists, police, and military personnel as a means of improving performance. Top athletes are always looking for an edge. Although the martial arts are more of a way of life and a life style than a sport per se, the needs of the martial artist are the same as that of the elite athlete. Mental aspects not withstanding (i.e. mental awareness, strategy, cunning, etc.), the need for speed, agility, strength, flexibility, and the ability to recuperate from tough workouts (and unforgiving sparing partners) is paramount to the success of athletes and martial artists alike. Police and military personnel can also have unique requirements that require them to perform at peak physical and or psychological levels. Over the past decade our knowledge of sports nutrition has evolved into a science that has swept the athletic world and has been partially responsible for the ever increasing numbers of athletes who are pushingShow MoreRelatedCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagesor publicly for the purpose of appeasing a social group. 8. Deterrence. Cesare Becarria, the exponent of the Classical Theory contended that punishment is to prevent others in committing a crime. ï  ½ CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRICTIONS OF PENALTIES Sec. 21, Art. IV, 1973 Constitution of the Philippines. Directs that excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor be cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. ï  ½ ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PENALTIES OR PUNISHMENTS Natural Law. This originated from God (natural law) to enforceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesunder which they labored to expand the career opportunities available to them at different times and in diverse settings. She places special emphasis on the important but often overlooked roles they played in politics, particularly those associated with resistance movements, and their contributions to arts and letters worldwide. Drawing on the essay collections and series on women in world history that she has edited over the past decade, Smith’s fully global perspectives make clear that evenRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (

The Veldt Science Fiction or The Inevitable Future

In the past, families lived a technology- free life: waking up by the sounds of birds, communicating face-to-face, and walking in order to travel. Today, it is almost impossible to find means of entertainment not involving a colored screen. This demonstrates how modern technology has corrupted society. Despite the advantages of technology, it has contributed to an inactive population that is unable to think for themselves. Ray Bradbury was born on August 20, 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois. Bradbury won the Pulitzer prize in 2004 for his literary work, like â€Å"The Veldt.† The overall theme of Bradbury’s short stories and novels is that the world is undergoing a too rapid and pervasive technological change(Bradbury). â€Å"The Veldt† discusses†¦show more content†¦Bradbury contends that an existence heavily dependent on machines will cause as much strife as it eases(Hart). Hart supports Bradburys opinion of technology not always having a positive ef fect. Like the Hadleys, people today see technology as the crux for humanity. Both Bradbury and Hart agree that a utopiated home is destructive toward society and can only lead to suffering. The irony of the â€Å"Happylife Home† actually causing unhappiness contributes to this theme. Machiavelli mentions within his novel The Prince, that when humanity receives gifts and privileges they will likely turn on leaders. Similarly, Bradbury observes irony when Wendy and Peters greed results in reward, however, triggers the murdering of their parents. In the Happylife Home, a virtual room called the nursery allows the children to control what comes to life. They turn the room into an African veldt. ‘Dont let them switch off the nursery and the house,’ he was saying. Mr. and Mrs. George Hadley beat at the door†(Bradbury). The children trapped their parents in the veldt after their nursery privileges being threatened. This entire idea follows Nathaniel Hawt hornes observation of a sinful universal morality. When the children are threatened, they follow their inner selves leading them to violence and eventually the murder of their own parents. The Hadley childrens minds are only happy

Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened Free Essays

Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened. As a child growing up in Germany, she was given an enlightened education. She enthusiastically read ‘enlightened’ literature, and soon became a disciple of the enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Empress she continued to read the works of Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire. Although it is widely accepted that Catherine II was an enlightened despot, it has also been argued that she did nothing more than allow the continuation of policies that had began in the reign of Peter I; â€Å"Although she claimed to be an enlightened despot, Catherine II did no more than continue the policies of her predecessors. † Another argument as to why Catherine didn’t carry out more enlightened reforms was due to her not wanting to make these enlightened reforms; the policies that Catherine II adopted were not adopted because of her beliefs, and/or her desire to create an ‘enlightened society’, but were instead taken out to maintain her power, and to satisfy her vanity. Historians like Harris claim that Catherine only appeared to be enlightened to enhance her reputation with the philosophes. This view is also taken by R. Charques, who states that the â€Å"enlightenment in Catherine was not much deeper than her vanity; despotism on the other hand was implicit in her ambition. â€Å"1 There has also been the case that Catherine had recognised the danger of going too far and/or too fast. She had experience the downfall of her husband for doing just that. As H. Nickelson puts it â€Å"No despot was ever more subtly aware that politics is the art of the possible and that everything can be lost if a states mangoes too far, or too fast† Another valid argument is that Catherine became more conservative, and less willing to change the laws of Russia, on the lines of the enlightenment, as she got older, and had come to realise the scale of problems which faced Russia. The enthusiasm with which she began her reign soon faded as the reality of Russian backwardness and it’s intolerance to change sank in. Harris sums up this point: â€Å"she coarsened with the exercise of power, her early idealism was abandoned as she learnt to understand the complexities of the Russian situation, and thus her enlightenment was only skin deep† A Key limitation to her ‘enlightening’ Russia was the role that the nobility played in supporting and maintaining her power. Although the aristocracy were glad to be rid of the ‘insane’ Peter III, Catherine had no claim to the throne. Many in Russia believed that she should only be regent for her son Paul, or that the ex Tsar Ivan IV should be re appointed. However with the support of the nobility Catherine could retain power for herself. But without the support of the nobility there was always the danger of the army who had so easily placed her on the throne could just as easily displace her. With all these limitations on her power Oppenheim asks: â€Å"would she attempt to put into practice some of her modern ideas about which she had read, or would she continue to govern Russia in the traditional mannor. â€Å"4 Since the death of Peter I, the nobles had slowly begun to increase their powers. Their compulsory state service, which Peter I had set up, was firstly cut to twenty-five years in the reign of Anna, and later in the reign of Peter III it was completely abolished, for that of hereditary peers, thus securing the role of the nobility in Russian society. Immediately after the death of Peter I there was an attempt by some nobles to restrict the power of the crown, via a supreme secret council. Cowie claims, † It consisted of six members drawn from the old and the new nobility. It’s powers included complete control of legislation, but it aroused such opposition from the nobility that these had to be restricted. â€Å"5 It is clear to see that the nobility then were powerful enough to attempt to limit the autocracy, which Peter I had established. However their own class opposed them, which left the councils power restricted. The supreme council tried some years later to limit the power of the monarchy. Upon the nomination of Anna as Empress, she was presented with a document that she had to sign in order to be crowned. This document would have allowed the nobles to have a share in how the state was run. â€Å"This would have been to turn her into a constitutional monarch. â€Å"6 Cowie also agrees with this statement; â€Å"If put into practice these proposals would have replaced Russian autocracy by an oligarchy. â€Å"7 However the document didn’t carry the mass support of the nobility. Again the nobility, which had the power to initiate a constitution, also had the power to stop its implementation. The ‘constitutional rights’ they requested in 1730 were more restrictive on the crown than those they had asked for in 1725, which supports the idea that the nobles had increasingly gained power after the death of Peter I. In 1730 the Privy Council itself went against the wish of Empress Catherine I (who had nominated her daughter Elizabeth if Peter II should die) and instead choose and crowned Anna Duchess of Courland. Not only was central government under more influence from the nobility, but local government too was rapidly falling back into the hands of the nobility. During the reign of Peter II the nobles who ruled on behalf of the boy- tsar, began to take back some powers in local government which Peter I had taken away. As Harris Puts it † if Peter II had lived long, all of the work Peter the great had done would have been undone. â€Å"8 Cowie also argues this point; â€Å"the reign of this boy czar was a triumph for the conservative nobility. † After the death of the Empress Elizabeth in 1762, Peter III became Tsar, and Catherine became his Tsarina. During his short reign Peter managed to alienate the Russian nobility in particular the guards and the army. He even antagonised the church and the senate. Dukes claims, â€Å"the guards could still make an empress or break an emperor. â€Å"10 He goes on to say that Catherine had the support of these valuable guards and could control them through Orlov, her lover at the time, and that she used this power to overthrow her husband Peter III. Madarianga agrees with Duke’s statement, she claims that â€Å"Catherine’s many friends in the army joined in a plot to dethrone Peter III, and seized power with her full approval and participation†11 During the coup of 1762 the support of the nobility ensured the quick and efficient disposition of Peter III, which according to Oppenheim was virtually bloodless, and an easy victory for Catherine, in which the crown was practically offered to Catherine. Oppenheim the claims that the experiences of a poor ruler like Peter III meant that â€Å"Catherine could only expect to retain as long as she able to demonstrate that she was an effective ruler. This argument has also been supported by Lentin; â€Å"as such she remained permanently dependant on the good will of the nobility who could dethrone her as easily as they had raised her up. â€Å"13 I too agree with both Lentin and Oppenheim, as Catherine’s first priority was to safeguard her own position, because those who had enthroned her could just as easily dispose of her. Harris on the other hand claims that Catherine could rely on the devotion of those who had gotten her in to power, and also on the fact that Russia was accustomed to an autocracy, and therefore would not have had to worry about appeasing the nobility. I disagree with this claim, although Catherine could rely on the devotion of the conspirators she still had to maintain the support of the rest of the nobility. As Lentin writes â€Å"It was after all, for antagonising the nobility that her husband and her son each met his death. â€Å"14 Catherine had watched the downfall of Peter III, and wasn’t going to make his mistakes. On coming to power Catherine had inherited a nation whose workforce was predominantly conscripted. The serfs worked for the nobles, and although in theory Catherine was against serfdom, she knew few nobles would support her in any move to free the serfs. Oppenheim claims that Catherine knew that â€Å"abolishing or even reducing serfdom would entail enormous social upheaval and violent protests from the nobles; and that she lacked the administrative machinery and armed forces to enforce such a reform against their wishes. â€Å"15 Princess Dashkora also tells of the noble’s unwillingness to emancipate the serfs she wrote, â€Å"a noble would have to be out of his mind to voluntarily surrender the source of his own prosperity. Madarianga disagrees with Oppenheim she says that Catherine is criticised â€Å"for giving away thousands of free peasants to her favourites and public savants, thus enserfing them†. This view is also taken by Harris who claims that the Russian occupation of the Ukraine â€Å"brought with it the oppressions of state power, taxation, forced labour and serfdom†17 Lentin takes neither views he instead takes the view that the circumstances prevented Catherine from helping the serfs not the nobles; â€Å"The gulf between noble and serf was had grown too wide for Catherine to bridge it. Faced with such an impasse she could do nothing. â€Å"18 I agree with both Harris and Madarianga because Catherine introduced serfdom to parts of her empire where it did not exist, where the nobles would not have pushed for it. On her own estates and lands the condition of the serf also worsened. By the end of her reign over a million people were enserfed by Catherine. Catherine was brought closer to the nobility in 1773-75, during the Pugachev revolt. Lentin states that the revolt made the â€Å"autocracy and the nobility wield together in a common self defence. â€Å"20 Harris also suggests that the Pugachev revolt aligned Catherine with the nobility; â€Å"her autocracy had been shown to rest squarely upon the support of the nobility. Stephen Lee has commented that the Pugachev revolt was an important stage in her reign, which made her see the extent of Russia’s problems. This is said to have forced her to abandon radical social reform, and instead maintain the existing social structure. Oppenheim has also claimed that the Pugachev revolt made Catherine more dependent on the nobility â€Å"the revolt undoubtedly increased social division and made both Catherine and the nobles aware of their dependence on each other. â€Å"21 The Pugachev revolt prompted Catherine to declare that she was â€Å"an aristocrat, it is my duty, and my profession. † The Pugachev revolt showed Catherine that she needed the nobility to maintain peace, stability, law and order. Thus at this point much of her enlightened were abandoned in order to appease the nobility and to reward them. The Pugachev revolt showed the need for a more efficient local government, as Pugachev’s early successes were due to poor local administration. Catherine changed Peter I’ system of government, which brought the nobility under the central government, to a system which enlisted the co-operation of the nobility in the running of local government. This gave the nobles the authority to govern the provinces in co-operation with central government. Harris sums up this point â€Å"Central government was recruiting from the nobility; they appointed the nobility to be governors and councillors, and the latter ruled the provinces in co-operation with the local nobility. â€Å"22 Oppenheim argues that Catherine had not given away any significant power away in the reforms of 1775 â€Å"since it was still the governor appointed by her who made all the noteworthy decisions at a local level. â€Å"23 Treasure sums up Oppenhiem’s point â€Å"skilfully Catherine presented the with the semblance of government†¦. She preserved the real power for those she chose the governors. † I agree with Treasure that Catherine retained the real power herself, while appearing to appease/ give in to the nobles. The reforms of 1775 bound the nobles to the crown closer than ever before. The reforms of 1775 led directly to the charter of the nobility 1785. â€Å"Her recognition of the shared interests of Tsar and the nobles was made explicit in the charter of the nobility. â€Å"24 The charter established the social pre-eminence of the nobility, and recognised them as a privileged caste with defined rights. Harris claims that â€Å"by recognising the privileges of the nobility, her own autocracy was left unchallenged, and with the support of the nobility she made Russia the dominant state in Eastern Europe†25 Oppenheim takes the viewpoint that â€Å"to her the charter meant that there was a firm legal basis for the social structure in Russia, instead of the archaic social system of Peter the great. For a ruler intent on giving Russia an enlightened and rational system of government this was a necessity. â€Å"26 Alexander claims that the charter didn’t increase the power of the nobility it merely confirmed in law the power they already had. I agree with Harris that the charter had aligned Catherine with the nobility. Any threats of a coup by the noble receded. The nobles had received what they wanted, secured privileges and status. Catherine had ensured that she retained all significant power. As Oppenheim puts it â€Å"The nobles now worked as willing junior partners of state, instead of unwilling servants of Peter I. Catherine II’s achievements in her reign were coniderable. However she is often critised for being insincere e. g for not bring about the sweeping reforms that she had advocated at the start of her riegn. Many of her critics question just how genuine Catherine really was. Many historians now believe that Catherine wasn’t a true disciple of the enlightenment, but instead used the principles of the enlightenment to advance her own popularity, and to satify her own vanity. Lentin supports the idea that Catherine wasn’t a genuine enlightened despot. He goes as far to say that Catherine was a hypocrite, who used â€Å"enlightened slogans as amask to conceal unenlightened policies†27 Harris supports the notion that Catherine was not truly an enlightened despot, but was instead concerned with her reputation with the philosophes and Western Europe. He tells us that Catherine was at great pains to show herself as an apt pupil of the disciples. Oppenhiem also agrees with Harris that her policies contradicted many of her writings. The Nakaz in particular was hypocritical, designed purely to impress the western philosophes. This helps to explain why very few of her ideals which shehad once read about were ever put in to practice. In some cases Catherine actually did the opposite to what the enlightenment proposed. Catherine made Russian society even more unfair. She cemented the privileges of the Russian nobility in law. As Shennen puts it â€Å"The liberties of the nobles constituted the liberties of a state or class and had significance precisely because other segments of the population, notably serfs, did not share them†28 On the other hand Blackwood suggests that Catherine was a genuine reformer, however the problems that faced Russia prevented her ideas from becoming a reality. James White supports Blackwoods claim, and he writes â€Å"altogether it is fair to describe Catherine as almost certainly enlightened in her wishes. 29 Andrews sums up both Blackwood and white’s argument; â€Å"Catherine was evidently influenced by the ideas of the philosophes but the size of Russia, the political power of the nobles and her own programme of conquest all prevented their being put into practice. † I personally agree with the argument that Catherine was genuinely ‘enlightened’, and that the reason why she couldn’t incorporate enlightened reform into Russian law was the complexities of the Russian situation. Catherine herself put this predicament well, when she wrote to Diderot; â€Å"With all your great principles which I understand very well, one would make fine books but very bad business. You forget in all your plans of reform the diference in our positions; you only work on paper which endures all things, but I poor Empress, work on the human skin which is irritable and ticklish to a very different degree. † â€Å"The most important reason why Catherine II could not achieve her enlightened ambitions was her dependence on the nobility. † To what extent do you agree with this view? How to cite Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened, Papers

Performance analysis of Murder at the Manor Essay Example For Students

Performance analysis of Murder at the Manor Essay The performance â€Å"Murder at the Manor† was an eccentric and comic piece of theatre. It was very interesting and fun to watch. There is a lot to say about the set, costume, sound, lighting, characters, and units of action, dialogue, pacing, director and special effects.  The set was a house, a living room with a sofa, a plant, and a picture and barely furnished. Everything happened in that room, there was no change of set. It was a simple set that created a natural atmosphere. The objects added to the atmosphere but didn’t distract the audience. The actors were not always on set, some spoke offstage and you could hear people walking on stairs. When they were on stage it was in that room. The clothes and costumes were adapted to the character and brought out their personality. They all mixed together in a party which looked more like a fancy dress as the costumes were a little bit over the top. Because the costumes contrasted with each other they gave a very comic appearance. The costumes didn’t have a very memorable sense of color but were enough to give an impression of the characters. There was no background music but there were some sound effects that were used effectively. The sound effects were used in the right way to lighten up the atmosphere. They were supposed to be comic and succeeded in their intended purpose. One example of this was a catchphrase, which was used around 10-12 times. Every time the main actor who was playing the role of a Greek man (Georgios Smoothiakous) said: â€Å"I am a big, strong and hairy Greek man† there would be a sound effect followed by an action. We came to believe that every time he said that sentence we were to expect the sound effect. It worked very well in that context as the play was very stereotypical. The lighting was not very interesting and was the same throughout the whole show. It was a white-yellow light, which was not very bright but not too dim either. The lighting didn’t really make an impact on what we were seeing or any unexpected surprises. It didn’t give away any information and wasn’t very noticeable. Maybe if the lighting used were more varied it would have given a bigger surprise factor. There were five actors that played the main roles. The actor that played Georgios Smoothiakous (the host of the party) exaggerated his movements and accents to make it more comic. The actors took their roles and used what they knew of these types of people to make them so embellished that they weren’t even believable anymore. For example an innocent blonde girl took her being blonde and rich to a new level. All the characters were so different that all of them exaggerated mixed into a huge humorous play. The most memorable moments were definitely the ones that were the most funny ones and of course the improvisation. The improvisation was when some members from the audience were asked to go on stage and behave in a certain way. The expressions on their faces as they struggled to improvise correctly were just terribly funny. The actors that exaggerated their roles did so in a manner that was really unforgettable. Of course, the first murder was not a shock as everyone had already said they wanted to kill Georgios but all the same it was very well thought out. The dialogue was informal and very natural. In this production there were lots jokes and puns. This made the dialogue seem very conversationalist. The way that they spoke to each other was very unique and individual in their own way. Sometimes in the middle of a conversation or monologue, the actor would pause and speak to the audience. I think that this worked very well in this type of context. In any other play the interruptions of the flow would be disturbance and annoyance to the audience. In this case it just helped the flow as the dialogue was very easy to understand and the speaking to the audience involved the people more and got them more interested. .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c , .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .postImageUrl , .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c , .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:hover , .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:visited , .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:active { border:0!important; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:active , .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b91ec479cd0fa46fa720de0842ef66c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Advertisement project EssayI don’t think that there was a large contrast between the pace and timing of the show. At times it was more noticeable than others but at o point there was a very large difference in the pace and timing of the performance. The play developed at a steady speed and worked it’s way through the start, complication, solve and then the end. Because of all the comedy, it didn’t really need a contrast in the pace to make the play more interesting. There was one actor that played a double role. He played two men, he played the main character Georgios Smoothiakous and when he dies he plays the Inspector Clueless. There could have been a lot of trouble getting the two personalities mixed but the play went well without any disturbances. There was another actor who played the role of Apfel Von Strudel. His character in the play was masqueraded as a woman as well and I guess you could count that as a double role. When he played the woman as well it worked quite well and he was a good actor so he made it seem not too realistic but not completely unbelievable either.  In conclusion the play was very well done and comic. In the areas that I described it did very well and I really enjoyed it. It was funny enough to laugh and everyone had a good time but with an element of learning as well.

An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece

An Introduction to Hellenistic Greece The era of Hellenistic Greece was the period when Greece language and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. The third era of ancient Greek history was the Hellenistic Age when the Greek language and culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world. Typically, historians start the Hellenistic Age with the death of Alexander, whose empire spread from India to Africa, in 323 B.C. It follows the Classical Age and precedes the incorporation of the Greek empire within the Roman empire in 146 B.C. (31 B.C. or the Battle of Actium for the Egyptian territory). The Hellenistic settlements may be divided into five regions, according to and quoted from The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, by Getzel M. Cohen: Greece, Macedonia, the Islands, and Asia Minor;Asia Minor west of the Tauros Mountains;Cilicia beyond the Tauros Mountains, Syria, and Phoenicia;Egypt;the regions beyond the Euphrates, i.e., Mesopotamia, the Iranian plateau, and central Asia. Aftermath of the Death of Alexander the Great A series of wars marked the period immediately after Alexander’s death in 323 B.C., including the Lamian Wars and the first and second Diadochi Wars, wherein Alexander’s followers sued for his throne. Eventually, the empire was divided into three parts: Macedonia and Greece (ruled by Antigonus, founder of the Antigonid dynasty), the Near East (ruled by Seleucus, founder of the Seleucid dynasty), and Egypt, where the general Ptolemy started the Ptolemid dynasty. The early Hellenistic Age also saw enduring achievements in the arts and learning, however. The philosophers Xeno and Epicurus founded their philosophical schools, and stoicism and Epicureanism are still with us today. In Athens, the mathematician Euclid began his school and became the founder of modern geometry. Third Century B.C. The empire was wealthy thanks to the conquered Persians. With this wealth, building and other cultural programs were established in each region. The most famous of these was doubtless the Library of Alexandria, founded by Ptolemy I Soter in Egypt, charged with housing all of the world’s knowledge. The library flourished under the Ptolemaic dynasty and withstood several disasters until it was ultimately destroyed in the second century A.D. Another triumphalist building effort was the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The 98-foot tall statue commemorated the victory of the island of Rhodes against the predations of Antigonus I Monopthalmus. But internecine conflict continued, notably through the Pyrrhic War between Rome and Epirus, the invasion of Thrace by Celtic peoples, and the dawn of Roman prominence in the region. Second Century B.C. The end of the Hellenistic Age was marked by greater conflict, as battles raged among the Seleucids and among the Macedonians. The political weakness of the empire made it an easy target in the ascent of Rome as a regional power; by 149 B.C., Greece itself was a province of the Roman Empire. This was followed in short order by the absorption of Corinth and Macedonia by Rome. By 31 B.C., with the victory at Actium and the collapse of Egypt, all of Alexander’s empire lay in Roman hands. Cultural Achievements of the Hellenistic Age While the culture of ancient Greece was disseminated East and West, the Greeks adopted elements of eastern culture and religion, especially Zoroastrianism and Mithraism. Attic Greek became the lingua franca. Impressive scientific innovations were made in Alexandria where the Greek Eratosthenes computed the circumference of the earth, Archimedes calculated pi, and Euclid compiled his geometry text. In philosophy, Zeno and Epicurus founded the moral philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. In literature, New Comedy evolved, as did the pastoral idyll form of poetry associated with Theocritus, and the personal biography, which accompanied a movement in sculpture to represent people as they were rather than as ideals, although there were exceptions in Greek sculpture most notably the hideous depictions of Socrates, although even they may have been idealized, if negatively. Both Michael Grant and Moses Hadas discuss these artistic/biographical changes. See From Alexander to Cleopatra, by Michael Grant, and Hellenistic Literature, by Moses Hadas. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 17, (1963), pp. 21-35. Source Cohen, Getzel M. The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Hellenistic Culture and Society Book 54, 1 Edition, Kindle Edition, University of California Press, June 2, 2013.

10 Expository Essay Topics on the History of Art

10 Expository Essay Topics on the History of Art If you are writing an expository paper on art history, there are many potential topics and ideas from which to choose. Once you have your topic, it’s time to find some useful facts that you can refer to in your writing. Consider a few interesting facts below: Buddhism has been portrayed on four panels, each using artwork to tell about four miracles of Buddha. One of them is his heavy meditation to achieve enlightenment. The second piece of artwork shows Buddha under a tree meditating while attacked from all angles the by demons of Mara who stands with his sword ready. The artwork is indicative of the many demons attacking the Buddha such as his father preventing him from leaving the palace walls as well as the suffering of humans, expressed by the half animal/half human creatures and the soldiers who are struck down by the mere serenity of the Buddha. By touching the ground in this photo, he rules over Mara and shows that the earth will witness his mastery of meditation and enlightenment. Religion has always played a heavy influence in historical pieces of art that arise from Europe. And this applies not just to paintings or sculptures but to statues and music alike. The ninth century was a period when Catholic Church experimented with music as a form of art. This is where the chants and melodies began to cross one another in parallel, something that created a drone in the embellishment. This type of music became exceedingly popular in Notre Dame located in Paris and took on the name â€Å"Ars Antique† otherwise known as â€Å"old art†. Art changed significantly during the Middle Ages. Earlier it had focused on bright colors meant to draw attention from the viewer to the main characters within the artwork. The characters in question were symbolic and meant to embody love and sensuality. During the Renaissance period, contrast and shadow effects were used in tandem with lighting to draw attention to the idea that love is more than an emotional response, and that it can also be sensuality and the love of flesh. The Middle Ages focused on content and used varying artistic ideals in order to convey sacred virtues from that period whereas the Renaissance focused on secular ideas, moving away from the church and its influence over commissioned artists. Artwork during this time transitioned from displays of Biblical scenes, where lighting reflected the angelic nature of prophets or man, and instead emphasized the sensuality and stark contrast between the gender roles and the idea of love. The Middle Ages brought with them a religious movement stemming from the transitional period which is called â€Å"Modern Devotion†. This period encouraged people to read their scriptures, meditate, and seek out a personal relationship with God. But the artistic movement shifted toward Naturalism, whereby oil paintings began to resemble optimal reality as their style. In fact, the High Renaissance in Italy was responsible for influencing many of the new artists who expounded upon the compositions and themes of older generations. During the 16th century in Italy, the Late Renaissance and Mannerism were seen throughout the artwork, something that conflicted with artists throughout Europe who did not stem from Rome or enjoy the Roman influence aforementioned. Mannerism was a form of artistic technique which emphasized beautiful figures, erudite subject matter and virtuosity. Each one of their compositions was complex. This complexity was deliberate and meant to appeal to the more sophisticated taste of the existing middle class. Mannerism was synonymous with refinement, and rather than focusing on clarity or unity, these artists focused on grace and virtuoso. Beauty was redefined as artists explored unusual proportions, compositions, and figure types. Venus and Adonis is a piece of artwork which was created in 1635 and functions as a reflection on the sensuality and the detail that embodies the Baroque style. This painting is meant to focus on the themes of Adonis, the offspring of the King Cinyras of Paphos and his daughter. Because of the beautiful nature of Adonis, Venus fell in love with him, being touched by Cupid’s arrow. As the story unfolds Adonis is killed by a wild boar when he is hunting and the news of his death cause Venus to seek him out only to find the earth where his blood was spilled on sprouting anemones. The painting Venus and Adonis displays Venus nude, seated and pulling at Adonis not to go and stay with her. The blonde hair is shown in disorder, something meant to indicate her distress. And Adonis is tan, muscular, with a red tunic the color of which is indicative of his blood soon to be spilled. The Metamorphoses in this painting symbolize marital love. But beyond the love between Venus and Adonis this large painting includes themes of Deities, love, cupid, and nudity. Mars and Venus United by Love is an oil painting which presents Cupid binding Venus to Mars. In it, Venus is white, indicating her purity. She is being bound to the leg of Mars who is the god of war. This painting shows how opposites can be united in love, something which reflects upon mythology, unity in politics, unity in religion, and more, all of which can be bound together through love. The painting Mars and Venus United by Love explores the Baroque themes of sexuality by showing Mars in a satin, shimmering clock and Venus - nude. She is wearing nothing but strands of pearls in her hair and ears. Also gold on her belt and bracelets. The selection of white represents purity while the selection of gold indicates royalty, or the gods and goddesses that the two characters are. These color selections are meant to accentuate the aristocracy. Peter Paul Ruben was the painter at the end of the Protestant Reformation which took place in the Netherlands. It was during this period that sensuality, color, and movement were used to depict different themes. This artist is well known for his historical paintings, his landscapes and counter-reformation artwork. He painted in Italy, where his famous Venus and Adonis was completed. Paolo Veronese was a painter from the Renaissance period which took place from 1528 until 1588 in Italy, whose paintings became quite popular because of their colors and decorations. The painter applies even more Mannerist stylization by elaborating on architectural settings and color, specifically in his painting Mars and Venus United by Love. These facts should give you enough material to corroborate your expository essay. Don’t forget to check our set of 20 topics on Art History and the guide to writing an expository essay on the one you pick. References: Fenlon, Iain (editor) (1989).  The Renaissance: from the 1470s to the End of the 16th Century. Man Music.  2. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. (MMA) Paolo Veronese, Mars and Venus United by Love, G 609 (10. 189) Pauw-De Veen, Lydia de. Rubens and the graphic arts. In:  Connoisseur  CXCV/786 (Aug 1977). Penelope Davies, Janson’s History of Art: The Western Tradition (Upper Saddle River, NJ 2006), 469 Preziosi, Donald, ed.  The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology: A Critical Anthology. Oxford University Press, 1998. Sherrane, Robert. â€Å"Music History 102: A Guide to Western Composers and their music†. IPL2 Organization. 2008. Sydney Freedberg, Painting in Italy, 1500-1600 (Penguin Books Ltd), 567

Critique Article writing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique writing - Article Example ciates the significance of addressing the research question by deriving the importance of measuring and enhancing patient satisfaction in evaluating adequacy of treatment. Indeed, the study reckons that understanding the patients perception will help the nurses to meet analgesic goals (Bozimowski, 2012). The study notes the motivators of the research question by highlighting the significance of adequate patient teaching in enhancing patient satisfaction and perception. The research study notes the research gaps in previous studies that addressed the same topic by stating the failure of utilizing simplified tool to assess patients satisfaction. The study defines the most effective methods of addressing the research question in a clear, accurate, and simplified manner. The research study depicted a significant level of coherence and congruence by relating the most relevant qualitative factors and variables to address the research problem. Indeed, the study seeks to establish the congruence between nurses perceptions of their patients satisfaction with pain management and patients self-report (Bozimowski, 2012). It also establishes the correspondence between patients level of satisfaction, type of therapy used, and adequacy of teaching related to their pain management plan (Bozimowski, 2012). The data collection method and the research population were equally relevant to the study. However, the mixing of the evaluative study of the variables and the pilot study was seemingly confusing since one would struggle to establish the actual results. Indeed, the use of a simple survey to measure satisfaction demeaned the value of the research problem. The analysis of the collected data was reliable and the results correlated with the study by addressing the research question. In criticizing the nursing article, â€Å"Pain neurophysiology education for the management of individuals with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis† by Clarke et al. (2011), I